The story of sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates stretches back to the industrial expansion of the late 1800s. Back then, chemists sought efficient alternatives to soap, as people faced growing demand for cleaning agents that worked well in hard water. Aromatic sulfonation, which forms the heart of this compound’s chemistry, became more popular as a method to modify benzene rings. Xylenes and ethylbenzene, produced in droves from emerging petrochemical refineries, offered cost-effective feedstock. By the 1930s, synthetic surfactants had begun replacing traditional soap in laundry detergents, and this chemical group became a staple for its ability to boost cleaning performance and foam stability. Modern industry owes much to these early steps; factories in Europe and the United States built entire business models on the back of such innovations. Despite shifts in technology, the fundamentals remain the same—using chemistry to outperform nature’s own methods.
Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates belong to the family of aromatic sulfonates. You often find these substances as white crystalline powders or compact granules. In their raw form, they hold a unique place because they merge strong sulfonate groups, ensuring water solubility, with robust hydrocarbon backbones, bringing grease-lifting properties. These features make them essential in detergents, cleaning agents, and various niche applications. Manufacturers value the flexibility of this product, creating tailored blends that suit everything from household cleaners to industrial degreasers. Industry professionals look for reliable performance regardless of water conditions; this product steps up to meet that demand time and again.
In the lab, sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates stand out. Their melting point typically falls near 300°C, and most samples do not decompose at daily-use temperatures. These sulfonates carry a strong negative charge, which explains their high affinity for water and their ability to disrupt oily deposits. Their density ranges from 1.2 to 1.4 g/cm³ based on the exact alkyl variant. Many formulas present as fine, free-flowing powders, with low hygroscopicity, which proves helpful for manufacturers who want to avoid clumping. Their pH, once dissolved in water, usually comes in between 7 and 9—neutral to slightly alkaline, avoiding corrosion in plumbing and machinery. Engineers trust their chemical resilience—they hold up well even in acidic or alkaline solutions and resist breakdown in sunlight, making them a safe bet for long-lasting consumer products.
End-users and regulators both want transparency in technical specifications. Most quality-control sheets for sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates list active ingredient content, moisture percentage, sodium sulfate byproduct levels, and bulk density. For high-performance formulations, active matter content seldom drops below 60 percent. Moisture content is usually held below 5 percent to prevent caking. Sodium sulfate, a potential contaminant, must stay below 20 percent for certain detergent blends. Labels also include safety data, from hazard pictograms to specific warnings for storage and handling. Standardization, led by bodies like ASTM and ISO, pushes producers toward clear reporting. This clear labeling ensures that anyone using or transporting the chemical can make informed choices, limiting confusion and reducing the odds of technical mishaps out on the factory floor.
To synthesize sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates, operators start with a sulfonation reaction. Aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks—xylenes or 4-ethylbenzene—mix with concentrated sulfuric acid or oleum. This reaction forms an acidic sulfonic acid intermediate. Neutralization with sodium hydroxide converts the acid to its sodium salt—making the final product water-soluble and workable. Chemical engineers monitor reaction temperatures carefully, usually keeping operations close to 90–120°C to maximize yield without encouraging byproducts. Reaction vessels must resist both corrosion and high heat; stainless steel or glass-lined reactors serve this role well. Filtration, spray drying, and, in some facilities, prilling or granulation complete the process, giving manufacturers a product suitable for bulk handling. Clean water washing steps remove unreacted acid, with spent acid recycled back into the process.
Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates show off their versatility through chemical modification. Sulfonate groups lend themselves to further reactions, opening doors for cross-linking, grafting with polymers, or serving as intermediates in dye synthesis. Under certain conditions, these chemicals can undergo alkali fusion to yield phenolic compounds, a pathway that remains useful in specialty chemical production. The robust nature of the aromatic ring resists most forms of degradation, so they rarely break down under regular use. In industrial water treatment, their resistance to oxidation and base attack plays a key role, enabling use in harsh environments found in oil rigs and cooling systems. Laboratories looking for new materials sometimes attach these sulfonate groups to other aromatic frameworks, exploring fresh uses every year.
Chemical catalogs carry a range of synonyms for sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates, reflecting decades of evolving nomenclature. You may see names like “sodium aryl sulfonate,” “alkylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt,” or “sodium xylenesulfonate.” Trade names pop up in product data sheets, with global detergent suppliers promoting proprietary variants tuned for fat-cutting or scale-inhibiting needs. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) system occasionally gets cumbersome for everyday use, so shortened versions dominate in commercial trade. This jumble of terms sometimes confuses new buyers, but seasoned professionals know how to check CAS numbers and ingredient breakdowns for clarity.
Safety has become a frontline concern for every industrial user. Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates come with the benefits of being generally low-toxicity compared to earlier detergents, but dust inhalation, skin irritation, and water contamination risks persist. Proper PPE—gloves, goggles, and dust masks—forms the first line of defense on the shop floor. OSHA and Europe’s REACH initiative set clear exposure limits and reporting standards. Spillage calls for quick cleanup with absorbent material, then responsible disposal. Storage away from oxidizing agents and acids ensures long shelf life and prevents unnecessary risks. Training crews in chemical handling keeps accident numbers down, as studies show that workplace injuries due to mishandling drop sharply with even basic education. End-users benefit from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and frequent supplier audits. These routines build a chain of trust from chemical plant to kitchen sink.
Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates found their home in cleaning chemistry but now show up across a broad array of industries. Households rely on them in laundry detergents, dish soaps, and bathroom cleaners, where oily stains don’t stand a chance. In textile operations, they keep dye baths stable and fiber surfaces clean. Paper mills use them to strip away gums and resins during pulping. Concrete producers look to these sulfonates as water-reducing agents, allowing stronger yet more fluid mixes. Oilfields tap their dispersant capabilities to break up wax and sludge in pipelines. In agriculture, a diluted form can help pesticides spread evenly across leaf surfaces, boosting their effectiveness. Paint and coatings manufacturers use the chemical to ensure good pigment suspension and longer shelf life. This blend of applications proves that the chemical belongs to more than one sector, often quietly working behind the scenes far from lab benches and shipping warehouses.
Research teams across universities and private labs continue to test the boundaries of what sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates can deliver. One major focus remains increasing biodegradability to cut down on waterway pollution—physicists and chemists experiment with new molecular tweaks, searching for molecules that break down faster after use without giving up cleaning power. Others seek to build “greener” inputs, swapping out petrochemical feedstocks for biobased aromatics, a difficult but promising avenue as green chemistry earns more attention. Nanoforms of these sulfonates show early promise as dispersing agents for next-gen paints and even as stabilizers in lithium-ion batteries, though commercial rollout takes time. Researchers keep an eye on consumer backlash against “chemical-sounding” names; brands now work alongside chemists to create more transparent product lines, updating data sheets and label claims in step with customer expectations. Those who find ways to maintain effectiveness while addressing environmental impact stand to dominate the next chapter in chemical supply.
Most toxicological data point to low acute risk from typical household exposure; even large spills rarely trigger severe short-term health effects, provided that cleanup occurs promptly. Nevertheless, long-term studies reveal a different story. Chronic exposure for workers can increase the risk of contact dermatitis or, with recurring high-dose inhalation, minor respiratory irritation. Most environmental hazards focus on aquatic systems, where persistent sulfonates may disrupt the balance. Bioaccumulation in fish and other wildlife calls national regulators to restrict certain alkyl chain lengths and encourages manufacturers to reengineer for faster breakdown. Independent laboratories operate long-term bioassays, and most results now feed directly into product reformulation. The key lesson emerging from toxicity research is ongoing vigilance: what seems safe in low doses or short intervals may look quite different under continuous or high-volume exposure.
Out on the horizon, the future of sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates ties itself to three trends—green chemistry, high-performance cleaning, and global regulatory pressure. The shift toward sustainability pushes both academic and industrial labs to create biodegradable sulfonates derived from renewable sources. The booming growth of developing economies demands low-cost, easy-to-handle cleaners that hold up in hard water and under rough conditions. Product reformulation will only accelerate as water scarcity and environmental awareness build in both corporate boardrooms and consumer advocacy groups. Upcoming regulatory changes in Asia and the West are already pushing some manufacturers to redesign ingredient lists and invest more in lab testing than in the past. For those who innovate and listen to market signals, this field offers both challenge and reward; for those stuck in old models, the future looks less certain. Overcoming these hurdles calls for skillful work from chemists, policy planners, and marketers working together, rather than following rigid traditions or waiting for new mandates to force their hand. In this way, the chemical industry, once known for stasis and resistance to change, may yet play a surprising role in shaping a cleaner, more resource-savvy world.
My experience with industrial cleaners goes back a decade. Many of the cleaning products that dissolve grease stains share a common element: sulfonates. Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates step up as key parts of detergents and degreasers. These molecules break up oily grime on surfaces in factories, garages, and even household kitchens. By surrounding grease particles, they help water whisk them away. Plants that handle tough stains—think food processing, machine workshops—rely on these cleaners to cut through messes. That means fewer hours spent scrubbing and better results after rinsing.
Surfactants sit at the core of many products—shampoos, engine cleaners, and concrete plasticizers all draw on this chemistry. Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates bond with both water and oil. In shampoos and soaps, this action lifts dirt right off hair and skin, then draws it down the drain. Manufacturing teams also use such surfactants in textile processing. Textile factories treat fabrics so dye spreads evenly, and sulfonates help wet the fibers fully so color sets without blotching. In concrete additives, they help mix water into cement, avoiding clumps and speeding up construction work.
Paint chemists face one tricky problem: pigments and resins can clump before the paint ever rolls onto a wall. Additives like sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates can stop this. These molecules spread pigment and resin droplets more evenly through the mix. A smoother flow comes out of the can, and streaks on application shrink away. Years ago, paint blends often settled hard at the bottom of tins. Now, with the right additives, paint stays mixed and spreads true. The same chemistry supports coatings for cars and appliances, giving them an even shine without pockmarks or uneven color.
Agriculture demands reliable delivery of herbicides and fungicides. Without help, many of these agents fall out of liquid mixtures long before the sprayer reaches the field. Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates keep particles apart, so the mix stays ready for spraying. Uniform spraying means weed or pest control remains strong from the first acre to the last. As a farm kid, I remember the frustration of clogged nozzles and patchy application when cheaper products left crystals behind. Upgraded additives fixed those problems, saving both time and good harvests.
One lesson from working with these chemicals: not every surfactant earns a green light for safety. Sodium-based sulfonates, while tough on grime, don’t bioaccumulate as some older cleaners do. Regulations guide their disposal and limit run-off. Industry numbers from the European Chemicals Agency show that well-chosen sulfonates thread the line between performance and safety, reducing harm risk to workers and the environment. It takes ongoing partnership between scientists and regulators to keep these advantages growing. Swapping out outdated formulas for modern alternatives sometimes calls for investment, but the long-term gains for clean water and safer workplaces speak for themselves.
Chemistry never stands still. Better sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates keep rolling out, with tighter control of particle dispersion, lower toxicity, and stronger cleaning. Companies and research labs already develop blends that target niche tasks—from electronics washing to oilfield drilling muds—where one-size-fits-all fails. Strong links between product testing, real-world feedback, and regulatory checks open new ways to solve stubborn industry problems without leaving safety behind. For businesses and workers alike, these advances create cleaner facilities, sharper product quality, and room for the next big leap.
Not every chemical name is easy to pronounce, but you can find sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene) sulfonates on ingredient lists for household cleaners, car care products, and even some industrial items. They act as surfactants, helping things mix together and spread. Surfactants pop up everywhere, from laundry detergents to shampoos. It only makes sense to stop and ask: do these ingredients make our lives better—or riskier?
Looking up real data brings a clearer picture. Scientific literature and regulatory bodies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) review the safety of these chemicals. Tests on sodium xylene sulfonates usually show a low level of toxicity. Skin or eye irritation may occur with direct, concentrated contact, which can happen with many cleaning agents. Most household products have pretty diluted amounts, so short-term, average use at home looks safe for adults.
People worry about long-term exposure. Animal studies checked for cancer and reproductive harm and didn’t turn up strong evidence of either. That said, reports do show that over time, excessive exposure—often in an industrial context—could bring issues like skin dryness or sensitization, especially for people working around large quantities. Kids and pets have thinner skin and smaller body weight, raising some concern about exposure.
In my own house, I read the labels and sometimes struggle to recognize half the ingredients. It’s not just about whether something can cause harm; it’s how most folks use products at home. For those pouring a capful into a bucket of water, risk stays low. I wear gloves while scrubbing the tub. My dog stays out of the bathroom. When my kids started helping with chores, I made sure they washed their hands and avoided touching their faces. This sort of simple step, matched with common sense, calms much of the worry around chemical exposure in the home.
On the job in warehouses and auto shops, things look different. Repeated direct contact and inhaling significant fumes leads to a higher chance of irritation. Workplaces should give clear safety info and protective gear.
Label transparency stands out. Product makers owe it to buyers to use plain language for warnings and directions. Even a great safety record means little if the instructions get ignored, or if the label hides behind jargon. Companies can go a step further and research greener alternatives wherever possible. Regulations continue to adapt alongside new science, which gives families and workers a buffer against potential risks.
Doctors and public health experts agree: keep these kinds of products out of reach of kids, use them as directed, and wash up afterward. If skin starts stinging or eyes water, rinse off right away. Poison control centers offer advice for specific situations.
Choosing safer cleaning habits starts with reading up. Look for products with clear safety claims, and don’t believe every “natural” label. Reach out to manufacturers and demand better ingredient clarity. Support policies pushing for safety testing before chemicals hit the shelves. Simple changes—like better ventilation during cleaning, and finding alternatives with low irritation risk—make a difference.
We live in a world built on chemistry. Keeping a close eye and an informed mind keeps our homes and workplaces safer, bottle by bottle.
Daily routines often brush up against the world of chemicals. In the supermarket, a bottle of liquid detergent holds some unsung chemical workhorses, and among these, sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates stand out. Their backbone ties directly to petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons, giving a clue to both their industrial relevance and why they're so effective in applications like detergents and cleaners.
“Sulfonate” refers to the SO3 group bonded to a benzene ring. In this case, we start with xylene isomers (o-, m-, and p-xylenes), plus 4-ethylbenzene. Chemically, these compounds are similar: a benzene ring adorned with methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) groups. Through sulfonation, the SO3H group swaps onto the aromatic ring, and then neutralizing with sodium hydroxide creates the sodium salt. What results is a family—not a single molecule, but a mixture, as the process typically draws in multiple isomers.
This blending means each molecule carries a benzene ring, sulfonate group, at least one methyl or ethyl branch, and is balanced out by a sodium ion. Such a structure is key: it makes one side of the molecule love water, while the other embraces oils and greases.
Chemicals with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic traits bring cleaning power to the table. Every day, people expect detergents to cut through oily stains in water. That's what these sulfonates excel at. Thinking back to college chemistry labs, I remember the mess after a spill—the only way to lift greasy residues from glassware was a solution containing a similar sulfonated aromatic salt. Simple soap left behind streaks, but these surfactants forced oil into tiny droplets, whisking them away from the glass.
The molecule’s design carves out a niche: the benzene ring boosts solubility in organic phases, the sulfonate group ensures water solubility, and the sodium ions create the right balance for mixing in liquid or powder. This isn’t just theoretical. Industry tests show these sulfonates increase dispersion and wetting power in both hard and soft water, outpacing simple soaps.
Being rooted in petroleum, xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene sulfonates do raise some eyebrows. Research points to low acute toxicity, though their breakdown in the environment doesn’t always keep pace with demand for greener alternatives. Wastewater plants capture much of the used detergents, but persistent fragments can find their way into rivers. Regulatory agencies keep tabs, but room exists for improvement, especially as attention shifts toward substances with quicker biodegradability.
Companies have begun swapping out some of these petroleum-derived surfactants with plant-based versions. These often rely on sulfonated fatty acids from palm oil or coconut, carrying similar charges that clean but step lighter on ecosystems. Equipment can still use the familiar sodium aromatic sulfonates where nothing else quite matches their cost-effectiveness and power, but responsibility calls for a shift where possible. Setting up more robust chemical recycling or pushing suppliers to include greener feedstocks threads the needle between efficiency and safety.
Focusing public research funds on faster-biodegrading surfactant chemistries won’t immediately flip the detergent aisle upside-down. Yet, including the environment in product design brings longer-term returns for cleaner water and healthier communities. Even the familiar—and essential—sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates stand to benefit from ongoing scrutiny and smarter chemistry.
Working with chemicals like sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates means more than following a checklist. Most folks don’t pause and consider how chemistry impacts day-to-day safety, yet the small precautions often save the most trouble. Not all jobs require a laboratory background, but everyone responsible for these materials ought to know a bit about storage and handling, risks included.
Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates commonly show up in industrial cleaning agents and specialty chemicals. They can be powders or granules, storing them away from dampness turns out essential. Chemical mixes like these draw moisture from air, producing hard clumps or creating slip risks on the floor. Just last year, a friend of mine who works in a manufacturing hall mentioned how missed spills of similar compounds turned walkways into hazards nobody noticed until it was almost too late.
The right move—seal containers tight after every use. You want a dry, cool space with solid ventilation. I’ve seen poorly sealed bags cause more headaches than any spilled bucket. Lidded bins or drums, marked clearly, help stop both contamination and curious hands. Chemicals often come with storage specs from the supplier, but the most overlooked advice is using dedicated rooms or shelving to prevent accidental mixing with incompatible chemicals. Mix-ups between oxidizers and organics bring fire risks few warehouses are set up to handle after hours.
Gloves, safety glasses, and the right work clothes aren’t about over-preparation—they’ve kept dozens of us from regretting one rushed scoop or splash. Fine powders and dust can irritate lungs and skin easily. My own slip-up came years back, brushing dust off a bench without PPE and learning fast that irritation means more than mild discomfort for some people. You don’t have to suit up like a firefighter for every job, but respect for the label warnings matters.
Don’t eat or drink where you handle chemicals. I’ve watched health inspectors launch into stories about cross-contamination that started with a cup of coffee in the wrong spot. Workers should wash hands before breaks and after tasks, without exception. Emergency showers and eyewash stations ought to be ready and free of clutter. If the material gets on skin, water is the best first response, and any reaction afterward deserves a medical check-up.
The Environmental Protection Agency and OSHA list chemical burns and chronic effects among the top workplace injuries connected to careless handling. Companies face not just lost shifts, but heavy fines where safety is ignored. Label everything with both chemical and hazard information, so no one stands guessing during an emergency or shift handoff. Fire rules suggest keeping flammables and reactives apart, so it pays to read up on what else shares your storage room.
Training turns out more useful than any sign on the wall. Supervisors who walk through safe storage and handling steps set expectations early. Open discussions about close calls, lessons learned, or better ways to store materials build trust in a team. Security cameras can catch some mishaps, but a culture of speaking up and asking questions truly keeps chemicals and people out of trouble. Taking the time to clean up, close every lid, and double-check the storage area keeps both production lines and coworkers safe, all year round.
Sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonates show up in several industrial and household cleaning products. These compounds do a reliable job when added to detergents or used as wetting agents. With years of handling cleaning agents, even without a chemistry degree, it’s obvious that some ingredients stick around in the water and soil long after doing their job. Customers often move from thinking about stains on their clothes to questioning what these cleaners leave behind for the world outside the washing machine.
Direct skin exposure to sulfonates, like those made from xylene and 4-ethylbenzene, risks irritation for sensitive people. In workplaces, after handling bulk detergent powders, skin can feel dry and red. The irritation isn’t the same as a strong acid or bleach burn, but the effect piles up. Rashes or cracked hands lead to searching for gloves or switching to safer alternatives.
Most sodium aryl sulfonates wash down the drain—people don’t notice what happens after that. These molecules break down more slowly than natural materials. Municipal wastewater plants do catch some of them, but a fair bit runs into rivers or lakes. Aquatic life can't just shrug off new synthetic chemicals. Fish and invertebrates, especially when exposed long-term, display reduced growth and reproductive changes even at low levels.
Lab studies from universities like Oregon State and peer-reviewed sources have shown that common sulfonates can build up in the environment if use continues unchecked. These compounds resist simple bacterial breakdown, letting them travel downriver and linger in groundwater. Worries ramp up in areas near large manufacturing sites or where wastewater systems see heavy chemical loads. I’ve seen anglers along streams and local families relying on well water, none of them thinking about what silent guests the labs find in the water.
One main worry is bioaccumulation. It’s not just about what a fish swallows over a day; it matters if these chemicals build up in bodies over weeks and months. If small creatures soak up sulfonates and bigger ones eat them, the chemical rides up the food chain. It’s not clear how much the average person absorbs through this pathway, but the pattern repeats across other persistent pollutants. Once in the body, some sulfonates may disrupt liver enzymes or hormone functions. There’s evidence that exposure, even at low doses, can add up across years.
Substitutes do exist. Some companies invest in greener surfactants from plants or simple minerals. In smaller shops and households, switching to products that list ingredients clearly, or favoring brands with third-party green certifications, gives control back to users. On the industrial scale, manufacturers could install advanced treatment gear—like carbon filtration or membrane systems—that actually pull out these synthetic compounds before water leaves the plant.
Communities can demand transparency, push for updated water standards, and support new research. In places where sodium aryl sulfonates have built up, soil and water monitoring programs supply a real check on chemical drift. Personal experience tells me that change picks up speed once everyday folks start asking tough questions, write their city representatives, and cut back on chemical-heavy cleaners in favor of simpler ones.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | sodium (4-ethylbenzene-1-sulfonate and methylbenzenesulfonates) |
| Other names |
Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate Sodium Alkylaryl Sulfonate |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsəʊdiəm zaɪˈliːnz ənd ˌfɔːr ˈɛθ.ɪlˌbɛn.ziːn ˈsʌl.fəˌneɪts/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 68411-30-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 83741 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:91231 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2107838 |
| ChemSpider | 8451637 |
| DrugBank | DB15597 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03-2119482827-41-0000 |
| EC Number | **271-528-9** |
| Gmelin Reference | 1860 |
| KEGG | C18274 |
| MeSH | D013496 |
| PubChem CID | 11496775 |
| RTECS number | WT0480000 |
| UNII | 9GX9R421LK |
| UN number | UN3077 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID2020794 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H9SO3Na |
| Molar mass | 430.57 g/mol |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.05 – 1.15 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -3.4 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | -2.8 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.8 (basic medium) |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.2e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.485 |
| Viscosity | 37 mPa.s (20°C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.95 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 326.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1616.6 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A06AD21 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| GHS labelling | **"GHS07, GHS09"** |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | > 100°C (212°F) |
| Autoignition temperature | > 400 °C (752 °F) |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 3,800 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 4 g/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | WN8870000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Xylene sulfonic acids Ethylbenzene sulfonic acids Sodium benzenesulfonate Sodium toluenesulfonate Alkylbenzene sulfonates |
