Chemists chasing efficient sulfonation strategies well before World War II would have seen benesulfonic acid rise from both technical curiosity and commercial demand. Early synthetic dyes leaned heavily on sulfonic acids for water solubility. Industrial players realized benesulfonic acids could shape new detergent chemistry, while bench chemists tinkered with the molecule’s aromatic backbone. The hydrate form, clinging to a water molecule and a half, evolved as labs began fine-tuning isolation protocols and storage to bump up shelf stability. Regular refinements over a century have led to analytical standards that researchers reference for cross-lab reproducibility, with organic chemistry literature growing thick with both routine and innovative benesulfonic acid preparations.
Talking to colleagues in chemical manufacturing, benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate comes up as a staple intermediate — sitting in supply cabinets in both kilo drums and analytics vials for precise assay work. Its role as a sulfonation agent extends from organic synthesis to polymer enhancement. Some firms stock a granular free-flowing product, while research-scale sources stick with a crystalline powder. Feedback from process engineers says benesulfonic acid’s odd 1.5 hydrate ratio means batch weighing needs careful calculation. Certain catalogues group it by bulk industrial use, others by analytical grade for lab requirements.
Looking at benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate under harsh lab lights, its solid white to off-white appearance matches most carboxylic and sulfonic acids. Handling it with gloves reminds anyone of its decent solubility in water, a feature that gives it wide application. Melting point checks put it in the mid- to high-hundreds Celsius range, but the hydrate component means heat can slowly reduce its mass by evaporation. The aromatic ring gives organic solvents like methanol a crack at dissolving it, but water wins out for everyday prep. Its sharp acidic odor often shows up in open containers, and pH checks drop low — not surprising for a strong acid. The 1.5 hydrates, as a chemist explained to me, are partial to losing water on prolonged exposure, so many labs prefer storing in airtight, moisture-controlled bins.
Most chemical suppliers label benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate with detailed certification sheets — purity often clears 99% under HPLC or titration, crucial for pharmaceuticals or electronics. I’ve seen product lots list residual solvents and trace metals, responding to electronics customers worried about contamination. Some suppliers flag hazard symbols up front, which resonates with plant safety managers. Labels detail molecular formula, precise hydrate ratio, and storage temperature recommendations. On the analytical side, French and German regulators push for batch-traceable labeling for controlled lab usage. The cost-per-unit on spec product beats most custom-made competitors thanks to these standardized batch practices.
Synthetic chemists typically start from benzene or toluene, driving sulfonation using concentrated sulfuric acid or oleum. The process sometimes involves a cooling phase to secure the monohydrate, with careful water addition creating the 1.5 hydrate. Recrystallization from water or ethanol finishes the isolation, helping strip out polysulfonated byproducts. Tellingly, scale-up techs note that temperature swings change the yield and hydrate ratio, meaning decent climate control trumps wishful thinking. I’ve watched techs juggle glassware and pH meters to nail down the last decimal in purity, showing just how fiddly some lab syntheses run when precision counts. Improper drying can shift the hydrate state, which ruins batch-to-batch consistency, leaving process chemists double- and triple-checking moisture content.
The sulfonic acid group in benesulfonic acid opens plenty of reaction doors. Aromatic substitution favors the meta or para positions depending on acid concentration and solvent. In one lab, I helped run a direct esterification to swing toward sulfonate ester derivatives — handy for surfactant R&D. Nucleophilic substitutions work well given the electron-withdrawing sulfonic group, while catalytic hydrogenation can reduce the aromatic core or remove protecting groups. Benesulfonic acid often steps in as a starting point for dye manufacturers hoping to hook up other functional groups. Some researchers report it serves as a chain transfer agent for controlled polymerization strategies aimed at boosting polymer solubility. Its stability under mild basic conditions means finished products don’t yellow or break down fast, a small but important win in polymer science.
Checking chemical catalogs, benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate pops up under several names: benzenesulfonic acid hydrate, benzene sulfonic acid monohydrate-and-a-half, and simply BSA hydrate. Some regulatory filings stick with the IUPAC format, while industry partners slap on hybrid nicknames like “benenesulfo 1.5H20.” Lab techs swap casual shorthand — “benesulfo acid 1.5” — but vendors tend to enforce systematic names to satisfy customs and quality audits. International partners check these product names closely to dodge mix-ups in shipping or labeling. This short list of established synonyms keeps conversations clear between purchasing managers, regulatory officials, and bench chemists.
Working with benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate means looking at eye and skin hazards first. Safety data sheets warn about the substance etching glass and burning through gloves given the right spill. Proper lab gear means goggles, nitrile gloves, lab coats, and a splash apron for big batches. Many industrial railcars hauling the acid in bulk lock down transfer lines with redundant valves and vapor scrubbing. In the lab, prudent fume hood work remains essential since inhaling particulate or vaporized acid causes severe respiratory response. Spillage protocols in our facility rely on fast access to sodium bicarbonate and copious water, not just for personal safety but to limit corrosion. Clear labeling and color-coded bins let new staff avoid disasters. Waste disposal often requires neutralizing with base and checking for benzene residue before pouring it down industrial drains, following tight environmental policies.
Benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate has built its reputation in both small-batch and high-tonnage roles. Commodity manufacturers in surfactants or dyes see it as a building block that cuts costs and supports fast scale-up. Pharmaceutical firms demand it for synthesizing sulfa drugs and prepping aromatic intermediates. Electronics guys reach for the hydrate because it helps craft ionomer membranes and doped polymers for batteries or fuel cells. Walk through a plastics plant and you hear process engineers talk up sulfonic acid-modified polymers for anti-static films. Analytical labs rely on its clean, consistent acidity for titrations and calibration curves in ion chromatography. Even water treatment outfits use select sulfonic acids to prep complexing agents for heavy metal capture. Every sector circles back to its acid strength, water solubility, and predictable reactivity — not to mention the cost-effectiveness for big batch chemistry.
I’ve noticed academic and industrial labs alike keep bench stocks of benesulfonic acid for one main reason: reliable reaction control. R&D scientists lean into it for tuning polymer backbone properties or pushing SO3H groups into otherwise stubborn substrates. Electrochemistry researchers point to sulfonic acids when building out selective ion-exchange membranes. A materials science group I worked with dove into cross-linking protocols using benesulfonic acid and claimed big improvements in membrane durability. Industrial development teams regularly roll out new sulfonic acid forms, hoping to sharpen process economics or ride new regulatory shifts in green chemistry. High-throughput automation has sped up salt screening and new reaction design around this useful acid, pulling more startups into the supply chain.
Safety teams follow the toxicity story closely because aromatic sulfonic acids can vary in absorption and environmental bioaccumulation. Most published research finds benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate holds moderate acute toxicity if mishandled, but strict facility hygiene brings exposure risk down. Chronic inhalation tests with rodents raised concerns over long-term exposure, which triggered health departments to set occupational exposure limits in parts per million. The hydrate’s ready solubility means accidental spills move quickly through water tables unless neutralized on site. Companies handling it in bulk now keep environmental sensors on effluent streams thanks to both regulatory and community pressure. Wastewater tests comb for residual aromatic acids and tough new policies drive tighter industrial stewardship. Toxicology teams keep refining animal model studies, but current best practices rely on prompt cleanup and strict handling regimens.
Looking down the road, benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate is unlikely to lose ground in synthetic chemistry or manufacturing. The pivot to greener technologies promises fresh demand for acid catalysts that minimize waste. Materials companies keep tuning copolymer blends with sulfonic acids to make next-gen batteries and fuel cells more efficient. The growth of water purification and resource recycling puts new value on sulfonic acid capture and reuse. As economic pressure pushes manufacturers to cut input costs, the physical and chemical durability of benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate speaks against quick substitutes. Advances in molecular design and on-demand manufacturing point toward smarter, faster, and less wasteful sulfonation routes — often with benesulfonic acid at their core. New regulatory eyes on chemical stewardship mean tracking and tracing gets tighter, but most established producers already have the methods and safety nets ready. Labs and manufacturers sticking with this acid will keep finding ways to stretch its utility, sharpen its safety record, and expand its role in emerging technologies.
Benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate rarely makes headlines. Still, plenty of industries lean on this specialized compound to get precise results. In labs and factories, this molecule often gets the call for its strong acidity and stability, qualities that help push forward important projects in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and chemical synthesis. These aren’t just background roles—it plays a direct part in shaping the tools and therapies millions depend on.
Drug development brings out the best in benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate. Chemists count on it as a sulfonating agent, turning simple molecules into complex structures with targeted biological effects. Creating new medications isn’t just about imagination; it’s about reliable ingredients like this one. There are few shortcuts in drug synthesis—using a clean, powerful acid makes reactions go smoother, purer, and safer for the people who will one day use these treatments.
Quality control forms the backbone of pharmaceuticals. Providers source raw materials from established suppliers, making sure everything matches the strictest standards. In my own research, sourcing trustworthy acids has always saved time. Less headache over impurities lets scientists focus on what matters: making the compounds that patients actually need.
Dye and pigment manufacturers owe a lot to sulfonic acids. Getting bright, stable colors in textiles or printers takes more than just mixing pigments—chemical reactions need precise catalysts that deliver results every time. Benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate steps up in sulfonation reactions, creating molecules that bond sharply with fibers and resist washing out or fading. In the world of fashion and printing, the right acid can mean vibrant products that don’t disappoint under real-world use.
I’ve worked with textile chemists who share stories of color run disaster from cheap or inconsistent ingredients. For them, switching to reliable acids improved their products overnight. That’s not just a small upgrade—it’s a difference people spot every day in their clothes and printed materials.
The push for more sustainable production gets a boost from acids that offer potency without excess waste. Benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate features good solubility, so reactions can run in aqueous solutions instead of harsher, more toxic solvents. Factories looking to minimize pollution find this particularly valuable. Less toxic byproduct means safer handling on the factory floor and lighter loads on wastewater treatment plants.
At an industrial scale, costs and risks add up quickly if you’re forced to clean up a mess left behind by less selective reagents. Companies moving toward greener practices have shown that spending slightly more on a premium sulfonating agent can pay off over time through simpler cleanups and fewer safety incidents.
Reliable benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate comes down to sourcing and verification. Unscrupulous suppliers cut corners, but quality programs and transparent sourcing safeguard both workers and end users. As a writer and chemical user myself, I encourage those in the supply chain to demand full documentation—from origin to analysis—on every shipment. That accountability matters when public trust is on the line, whether for a pharmacy, a dye house, or a specialty chemical lab.
Ultimately, chemistry works best when every step supports the next. Ingredients like benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate, used with skill and care, help build up the trust that industry and the public both depend on.
Benesulfonic acid brings together the benzene ring and the sulfonic acid group. Its core, C6H5SO3H, shows just how tightly organized chemistry can get. Each piece of the molecule helps the compound serve specific functions, especially in industrial processes. People working in research, quality assurance, and chemical manufacturing run into this molecule often, not because it’s rare, but because it proves useful and dependable.
The “1.5 Hydrate” part adds water to the mix. Chemists see this written as C6H6O4.5S, but that’s really a way of saying each molecule of benesulfonic acid pairs with one and a half molecules of water. Sounds odd, since water doesn’t come in halves, though crystal structure sometimes forces the ratio. Measuring this hydrate, you end up balancing the water locked in the structure against the acid’s pure weight. This is important for anyone setting up reactions or manufacturing batches at scale. A tiny miscalculation in the amount of water can throw off a formula, turning a smooth process into a costly set of corrections.
In everyday language, a chemical hydrate offers a clue about stability and handling. Dry chemicals can clump or break down, while hydrates provide more predictable properties. My time in academic and industrial labs taught me this first-hand. You go to scoop out “pure” benesulfonic acid, but it acts differently than the 1.5 hydrate variety: the latter flows, dissolves, and mixes more evenly, cutting down on unexpected clogs or chunky deposits. This all saves time, cuts error rates, and reduces cleanup.
Besides the formula, context stands out. At the industrial level, benesulfonic acid hydrates land in dye production, pharmaceutical syntheses, and water treatment. Good documentation on the exact hydrate version on hand stops production headaches before they start. A chemist in a dye factory explained, years back, how a switch in benesulfonic acid source wrecked a whole run of product: the hydrate factor got ignored, yields plunged, and quality controls flagged every finished batch. When numbers and attention slip, money starts leaking out of the plant for reasons that seem mysterious at first.
Lab suppliers mark the difference by displaying both the pure compound and hydrates in their catalogs. This transparency lines up with what regulatory bodies demand and what long-term safety records require. Anyone who has spent hours digging through certificates of analysis will agree: those odd decimals in the formula often draw the line between compliance and non-compliance.
Mislabeling, shipping, storage, even waste disposal depend on knowing the precise hydrate version. Too many laboratory accidents start with a misunderstanding between pure and hydrated forms of the same chemical. Keep an eye on the formula, cross-check every incoming lot, and standard procedures become much safer and more reliable. Training new team members on this single detail spares everyone from the pain of an avoidable error.
Chemistry rewards those who read the label and check the math. Production quality, safety, and environmental stewardship—each gains strength from simple, consistent habits. If you want batches to go as planned, and people to stay safe, list out the exact formula, collet the right data, and share best practices across the team. Benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate looks simple on the page, but the reality carries weight for every step from research to full-scale manufacturing.
Industrial labs rely on compounds like Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate, but many overlook that improper storage causes real harm—corroded shelving, damaged containers, and sometimes even injuries. The thing about chemicals with sulfonic acid groups: contact with air, moisture, or the wrong materials can kick off reactions you don’t want in your workplace. Mishandling means lost time, accidents, and higher costs. Anyone storing this chemical should treat it with the seriousness of medical supplies or flammable liquids.
Heat speeds up chemical breakdown, so leaving Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate in a warm room spells trouble. Most manufacturers recommend keeping this chemical in a cool spot, usually below 25°C (77°F). Never leave it in direct sunlight or near heating vents. I’ve seen a container stored close to a steam pipe gradually change color, a red flag for decomposition. If your storage area fluctuates with the seasons, invest in climate control or insulated cabinets.
Water triggers Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate. Humid air seeping in can start slow, silent reactions. The chemical turns clumpy or even partially dissolves inside the container. Some labs post silica gel packs near storage shelves or use desiccators. This basic step saves both money and effort, stopping ruined stockpiles before they even begin. Keeping the lid tightly sealed after every use matters more than people think.
Forget about glass flasks sitting on open benches. Acids call for specialized bottles, like those made from certain plastics (HDPE or PTFE), since cheap plastics break down and weaken over time. Metal parts corrode and contaminate the product. Containers with screw caps win over snap lids for keeping air and moisture out. Suppliers often ship these chemicals in amber bottles to block out UV light—not just for show.
Labels count as part of the safety setup. They should say exactly what's inside and the date of arrival. I’ve worked in spaces where old unlabeled jars sat for months—nobody wanted to open them, and the risk of mixing up aggressive acids rises fast. Segregating acids from bases, peroxides, and organic solvents helps avoid mixing chemicals that react dangerously together.
Shelf placement isn’t just about convenience; local laws usually demand spill trays underneath acid shelves and eyewash stations nearby. Fire marshals want acids stored below shoulder height to stop bottles from dropping. The reason for these rules isn’t just paperwork, but real-life incidents—accidents from skipped steps have sent people to hospital.
Written procedures and routine checks catch small problems before they become big ones. Staff should regularly check expiry dates and look out for changes in texture, smell, or color. Staff who understand why storage steps matter don’t cut corners. Saving a minute during cleanup is never worth hazardous leaks or ruined inventory.
Smart storage for Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate cuts risks, keeps labs productive, and saves money over the long run. Paying attention to temperature, dryness, container type, and labeling makes all the difference. Routine checks and thoughtful design prove their value every year. There’s something satisfying about shelves lined with clean, labeled containers—each one stored with care, safe from the dangers of neglect.
Benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate shows up in chemical labs more than most folks realize. Chemists often reach for it when making dyes or as a catalyst in certain reactions. Handling this compound isn’t quite like working with household vinegar or table salt. Right out of the gate, benesulfonic acids have a solid reputation for being corrosive. The “hydrate” part only means it has water molecules attached, changing some of its physical tricks but not so much its risks.
I’ve worked in research environments long enough to know even seasoned chemists feel a chill when dealing with anything labeled “corrosive.” Benesulfonic acid can cause harm if it gets onto skin or into eyes. The burning sensation comes quickly, and damage can last. Breathing in its dust or mist doesn’t do lungs any favors either, sometimes triggering coughing or even worse respiratory issues. Safety data sheets flag this compound as a health hazard, proof that ignoring protection isn’t just careless, it can put a person on the sidelines for days or longer.
Fact is, chemical burns from many acids look much the same—red, irritated skin that won’t stop hurting. Eyes suffer the most, even from a tiny splash. Stories circulate about people losing vision because someone skipped safety goggles. It’s rare, but stories have roots in lived experience. My own hands have felt the sting from a few drops of strong acid, and once you’ve scrambled to the eye-wash station, you double-check your gear every time after.
Contact isn’t the only problem. If benesulfonic acid spills, cleanup can be a headache. Acid eats through certain surfaces and reacts with some metals, sometimes causing hazardous fumes. Nothing ruins a day in the lab quite like a mistimed splash or a hasty reach for an ungrounded container.
Protection doesn’t have to be complicated. Gloves rated for acids, goggles that seal out splashes, and lab coats create a pretty solid barrier. Fume hoods serve a real purpose by pulling any released vapors or dust away from the person at the bench. Keeping the workspace neat means less chance of bumping over an open beaker, and it only takes a few seconds to label containers carefully to avoid mix-ups.
Training plays a big role too. In my first week on the job, nobody handed me anything dangerous until I’d walked through a safety rundown. Proper protocol makes a difference, especially in emergencies. Knowing the location of the nearest eye wash, shower, and neutralizing agents becomes almost muscle memory. If a spill happens, an immediate response using sodium bicarbonate helps soak up and neutralize the acid, cutting harm.
Accidents with chemicals like benesulfonic acid cost more than downtime. Hospitals, ruined experiments, damaged equipment, and lost confidence can follow carelessness. Research from the American Chemical Society highlights that most lab injuries stem from lapses in basic safety, not rare freak accidents. Good habits save lives, money, and years of hard-earned research.
Regulating agencies such as OSHA and the European Chemicals Agency outline clear hazard classifications for sulfonic acids. Their guidance draws a line between being cautious and being reckless. Everyone wins—companies avoid lawsuits, workers stay healthier, and the public trusts the science that emerges from those labs.
Handling benesulfonic acid 1.5 hydrate brings real risk, but thoughtful preparation and steady habits dial that risk way down. The science doesn’t change, but the outcome depends a lot on respect for the hazards. Most people in chemistry know someone who’s made a mistake, and they never wish it on others. Stay careful—chemical safety is a shared job.
Having worked in chemical quality control, I’ve seen how purity numbers in fine chemicals aren’t just statistics—they shape everything you can trust about a product. With Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate, chemists usually point to a purity grade of at least 99%. It tends to get analyzed by HPLC or titration because customers care about what’s actually packed inside each drum or bag. If that number drops, side reactions can creep in, leading to unreliable outcomes in processes that rely on clean chemistry. When manufacturers label a batch at 99% or higher, that really means the actual weight of the active compound sits above 99%. The rest of the mass comes from harmless moisture from the hydrate or tiny traces of other substances picked up along the way.
Pharmaceutical production brings zero tolerance for off-spec materials. Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate can find use as a reagent, and if impurities slip in, the impact shows up downstream. Forging active pharmaceutical ingredients with low-purity material can affect product safety, forcing recalls or damaging reputations. In a non-clinical setup, like dye or polymer production, high purity still matters to maintain color, strength, or physical properties. In my time overseeing process optimization, running into contaminants from a low-grade chemical meant extra filtration and wasted labor.
Not every lab has the same financial muscle to buy premium material, but most quality-driven companies lean on strong supplier partnerships. Suppliers with a transparent track record and up-to-date analytical methods tend to deliver what’s needed. User experience counts here—checking batch-to-batch certificates, testing a small amount in-house, and demanding method validation can protect against surprises. Some labs even ask suppliers to routinely provide CoAs detailing heavy metal levels, organic Volatile Impurity profiles, and water content (Karl Fischer does the trick for hydrated compounds).
Lack of standardization can cause confusion. Each supplier may publish a slightly different product spec, especially regarding permissible levels for sodium, iron, or organic carbon impurities. International quality standards—think ISO 9001 or pharmacopeia requirements—push producers to close those gaps. In my career, switching to suppliers who invest in GMP-compliant manufacturing and who respond well to audit requests almost always raises end product reliability.
If you handle critical production, don’t settle for datasheets alone. Independent third-party testing of incoming Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate helps avoid expensive downstream headaches. Some quality teams set up regular supplier workshops to talk through analytical hurdles and align on newer, more sensitive test methods. Digital tracking of lot numbers and outcome data also backs up compliance if you’re facing regular regulatory checks.
Ultimately, the best way to secure trustworthy purity remains active involvement from both buyer and seller. As supply chains become more global and pressures for regulatory compliance grow, there’s a big incentive to keep pushing for accurate, transparent, and rigorously proven purity declarations—not just for Benesulfonic Acid 1.5 Hydrate, but across the entire spectrum of specialty chemicals.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 4-Benzenesulfonic acid•1.5H₂O |
| Other names |
Benesulfonic acid hydrate Benzenesulfonic acid hydrate Benzenesulfonic acid 1.5H2O |
| Pronunciation | /ˌbɛn.iˌsʌlˈfɒn.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd ˈwʌn pɔɪnt faɪv ˈhaɪ.dreɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 170438-33-4 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3DModel:JSmol|C6H6O6S.BeneseulfonicAcid1.5Hydrate|CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.O.O` |
| Beilstein Reference | 1725405 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:142419 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4276977 |
| ChemSpider | 20741336 |
| DrugBank | DB15984 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03c85c07-ff04-4608-89c7-ae8b1319c130 |
| EC Number | 233-264-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1287783 |
| KEGG | C18612 |
| MeSH | D010711 |
| PubChem CID | 5327247 |
| RTECS number | DG8240000 |
| UNII | 45G2564UVP |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H6O4S·1.5H2O |
| Molar mass | 341.36 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to off-white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.583 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -1.6 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.01 hPa (20 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | -2.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 11.37 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -76.0e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.520 |
| Dipole moment | 4.4311 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 267.2 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1110.7 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -1610 kJ mol⁻¹ |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Corrosive. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Harmful if swallowed. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS05 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P260, P264, P301+P312, P304+P340, P312 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-2-1-酸 |
| Flash point | > 220 °C |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 >2000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | VY8650000 |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.5 mg/m³ |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Benzenesulfonic acid p-Toluenesulfonic acid Mesitylenesulfonic acid Naphthalenesulfonic acid Sulfanilic acid |
